主催：日本機械学会北海道支部バイオメカニクス懇話会
共催：日本機械学会北海道支部，日本機械学会バイオエンジニアリング部門 「生体と力学ー生体への応用」研究会，JST戦略的国際科学技術協力推進事業（スウェーデン）
日 時：平成22年11月24日（水） 13:00〜14:00
場 所：北海道大学大学院工学研究科・工学部 A1-17室
講 師：氏 名 Prof. Peter Lee, Senior Lecturer
勤務先 Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne,
Australia
演 題：A multi scale knee injury biomechanical study
内 容：Post traumatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) is often associated with
knee anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. An OA joint causes pain affecting
patient's mobility and quality of life. Research in preventing the knee
from such degeneration includes tissue engineering, stem cells therapy,
reparative surgery, and if unsuccessful, a total knee replacement will
be required. The fundamental knowledge needed to improve these efforts
lies in understanding how forces are applied to the human, transferred
to the tissue and transduced into biological responses. In this aspect,
we have developed multi scale models and experiments to obtain quantitative
biomechanical information such as muscles forces, ligament forces, stresses
on cartilage and bone in the knee joint related to ACL injury. Human subjects'
jump landing maneuvers common in many sports, such as basketball and skiing
that could lead to knee injury, were conducted in a motion analysis laboratory.
The kinematics, kinetics, energetics and muscles forces during landing
from different heights were quantified. Using data from human subjects'
experiment, non injurious loadings were scaled into loads that could cause
ACL rupture using a high speed mechanical test system on cadavers' knee
specimens. The injury threshold for ACL rupture and cartilage / bone damage
could then be established. Finally, the human subjects' and cadavers' knee
joints studies provided data to apply physiological loadings to osteochondral
explants, enabling the study of realistic bone microstructure damages and
degenerative changes in cartilage. In addition to these experiments, the
multi scale methodology includes developing lower limb musculoskeletal
models simulating jump landing and finite element models of cartilage /
bone microstructures.